Yoga

(26th century B.C.)

≪Indus valley civilization≫ Sculpture who is engaged in yogic meditation , the worship of stones in the form linga (men genital organ) and yoni (female genital organ)

(15th century B.C.～)

		≪The Indo-Aryan Migration≫ Brahmanism “upanishad” 【atman】 one's true self, which transcends death 【Brahman】 The fundamental principles that make up the universe 【reincarnation】Most people do not realize that their entity is Atman, but rather think of their insubstantial self as themselves, pursue illusions as their desires dictate, and are dragged along by karma, repeating reincarnation. 【Brahman equivalent to Atman】 Since Brahman and Atman are identical, by realizing that one's entity is Atman, one can identify with Brahman and be liberated from reincarnation.

(5th century B.C.～)

≪The Rise of Jainism and Buddhism≫

(4～6th century A.D)

		≪gupta dynasty≫ 【Sankhya philosophy】 In Sankhya philosophy, there are two eternal realities: Purusha (the pure spirit), and Prakriti (the basic cosmic material) . It explains that when Purusha sees Prakriti, the mind, body, and all things unfold. In Nagualism, perception occurs when intent (superconsciousness) touches the energy emanations (the essence of all materials), which is a similar idea.
		【"The Yoga Sutras"】 Raja Yoga Sutras. The philosophy is largely based on the Sankhya philosophy, which includes teachings on achieving liberation through meditation and physical practice.
		【"Bhagavad Gita"】 Part of the epic Mahabharata. In it, Krishna describes three paths to liberation: the Path of Knowledge, the Path of Devotion (bhakti), and the Path of Action . In Purusha there is a higher Purusha (Brahman), and union with that Brahman leads to Nirvana. The actions arising from Brahman (in the heart) are called unselfish actions, and by continuing to do them, the connection with Brahman is strengthened and one is liberated through the "path of action".

(4th century A.D ～)

		≪The rise of Hinduism≫ ≪Vaishnavism≫ 【bhakti】It says that one can be liberated through bhakti (faith) in God.
		≪Shaivism≫ 【Tantrism】Teaches that the union of the masculine principle (Shiva) and the feminine principle (Shakti) brings us closer to God. 【"Hatha Yoga Pradipika"】Hatha Yoga Sutras.It is designed to awaken the kundalini by passing prana through the central Sushumna Nadi in addition to the following raja yoga (classical yoga).