Tibetan Buddhism

(6th century B.C.)

Buddha

【the three Jewels】 "I take refuge in the Buddha. I take refuge in the Dharma. I take refuge in the Sangha." 【Satipatthana】 ”The body is impure, all things are suffering, the mind is impermanent, and the mind does not exist anywhere." 【The Buddha's last Sermon】 "Be islands unto yourselves, refuges unto yourselves."

(2th century A.D.～)

Nagarjuna		“The middle way” 【Madhyamaka】 The thought that all phenomena exist through dependent co-arising and that all phenomena are empty of nature. 【The two truths :The ultimate truth】 Truth that transcends language and thought (emptiness). Without attaining the ultimate, one cannot attain Nirvana. 【The two truths :The conventional truth】 Truth in our world of language and thought. It is impossible to have the ultimate truth without the conventional truth.
Asanga		The Founder of the Yogacara school of Buddhism 【the Yogacara school】 Emptiness is an important concept, but the Yogacara school assumes that mental energy is present.
Vasubandhu		"Abhidharma", "Discourse on the Pure Land" Asanga is his older half-brother.

(8th century A.D.～)

≪Guhyasamaja tantra≫		【the six branches of the yoga】 retraction,contemplation,life-energy control, endurance, mindfulness, samadhi 【the Noble tradition】 ”The Five Stages” of Nagarjuna
≪Samvara and related tantras≫		【Vajravarahi】 a female deity which has its origins in the Indian belief in shakti (kundalini). 【the four descending joys】 Generating the Chandali fire below the navel melts amrita (nectar) in the head, which drips down with the four descending joys. 【the four ascending joys】 Innate wisdom awakens below the navel and rise along the spine with the nondual co-emergent joy.
Shantideva		"The Bodhicaryavatara" Indian Buddhist monk in Nalanda
Saraha		"Dohakośa" one of the Mahasiddhas
Padmasaṃbhava		Legendary figure who brought esoteric Buddhism to Tibet and is considered the founder of the Nyingma school.

(11th century A.D.～)

Atiśa		"Bodhipathapradīpa" This book describes the six paramitas and other practices, and is the model for Tsongkhapa's book (lam rim chen mo),
Tilopa		"Mahamudra Song" 【Six Precepts or Words of Advice】 "Don't recall. Don't imagine. Don't think. Don't examine. Don't control. Rest."
Naropa		He was a disciple of Tilopa, and after overcoming many trials, he attained siddhi.
Marpa		He was a disciple of Naropa, and he brought esoteric teachings (the six yogas of Naropa and Mahamudra) from India to Tibet.
Milarepa		"The Hundred Thousand Songs" 　He was a disciple of Marpa, and after overcoming many trials, he attained siddhi. 【the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism】 The six yogas of Naropa and Mahamudra are the central teachings of the Kagyu school.
		【Mahamudra】the stage of One-Pointedness(gathering mind), the stage of Non-Elaboration(approaching emptiness), the stage of One-Taste(uniting mind with emptiness), the stage of Non-Meditaion(remaining in this state) 【The Six Yogas of Naropa】 the yoga of the mystic heat (tummo), the yoga of clear light, the yoga of the magic body, the yoga of dream, the yoga of consciousness transference (phowa), and the yoga of the intermediate state (bardo)

(14th-15th century)

Tsongkhapa		"The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment (lam rim chen mo)" "The Great Exposition of Secret Mantra (sngags rim chen mo)" "Brilliant Illumination of the Lamp of the Five Stages " He founded the Gelug school. 【the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism】 Both the exoteric and esoteric teachings are emphasized. The esoteric teaching consists of the creation stage and the perfection stage.
Longchenpa		【the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism】　Longchenpa unified the teachings of the Nyingma school into a single theoretical system. The most profound teaching of Dzogchen was its central axis. 【Dzogchen】A method of training to stay in rigpa all the time. Rigpa is the knowledge of the ground that has three aspects: Essence(emptiness), Nature(luminosity), Compassion(energy).